-
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021To benefit the health of consumers, bioactive compounds must reach an adequate concentration at the end of the digestive process. This involves both an effective release...
Antioxidants Bioaccessibility and (CECT 4063) Survival Following the In Vitro Digestion of Vacuum Impregnated Apple Slices: Effect of the Drying Technique, the Addition of Trehalose, and High-Pressure Homogenization.
To benefit the health of consumers, bioactive compounds must reach an adequate concentration at the end of the digestive process. This involves both an effective release from the food matrix where they are contained and a high resistance to exposure to gastrointestinal conditions. Accordingly, this study evaluates the impact of trehalose addition (10% ) and homogenization (100 MPa), together with the structural changes induced in vacuum impregnated apple slices (VI) by air-drying (AD) and freeze-drying (FD), on spp. (CECT 4063) survival and the bioaccessibility of antioxidants during in vitro digestion. Vacuum impregnated apple slices conferred maximum protection to the lactobacillus strain during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract, whereas drying with air reduced the final content of the living cells to values below 10 cfu/g. The bioaccessibility of antioxidants also reached the highest values in the VI samples, in which the release of both the total phenols and total flavonoids to the liquid phase increased with in vitro digestion. The addition of trehalose and homogenization at 100 MPa increased the total bioaccessibility of antioxidants in FD and AD apples and the total bioaccessibility of flavonoids in the VI samples. Homogenizing at 100 MPa also increased the survival of during in vitro digestion in FD samples.
PubMed: 34574265
DOI: 10.3390/foods10092155 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021The study determined the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) administered early in the life of suckling piglets on their growth performance, gut morphology, and gut...
The study determined the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) administered early in the life of suckling piglets on their growth performance, gut morphology, and gut microbiota. Thirty litters of 3-day-old crossbreed piglets were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments, and treatments were commenced on day 3 after birth. During the whole period of the experiment, the piglets were kept with their mothers and left to suckle ad libitum while being supplemented with a milk formula with or without the bacterial probiotic supplemented. The control group (CON) was not treated with probiotics, the HLS group was treated with LS144 (HLS) screened from feces of fast-growing pigs with high body mass index (BMI) while the NLS group was supplemented with LS160 (NLS) screened from feces obtained from pigs of normal BMI. At the weaning time, a higher abundance of Actinobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Elusimicrobia phyla were observed in NLS piglets, whereas the abundance of Fibrobacteres phylum was significantly reduced in NLS and HLS piglets compared with the CON. A greater abundance of Lactobacillus was detected in the HLS treatment compared with the CON. The abundance of Bacteroides and Fibrobacter was higher in the CON piglets compared with the HLS and NLS piglets. Compared with the CON group, the oral administration of LS significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus and villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Moreover, the villus height of the duodenum was significantly improved in the HLS treatment compared with the NLS treatment. Based on the findings in the neonatal piglet model, we suggest that oral supplementation of LS, particularly LS isolated from high BMI pigs, could be beneficial by improving the intestinal villus height.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Biodiversity; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Swine
PubMed: 33762614
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85630-7 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2021Recently, probiotics have been widely used as an adjuvant therapy to cure, prevent, or improve certain diseases. However, no research has been carried out into the dose...
Recently, probiotics have been widely used as an adjuvant therapy to cure, prevent, or improve certain diseases. However, no research has been carried out into the dose of probiotics, especially the maximum dose. Therefore, the effective and safe dosage of probiotics needs to be studied. Recently, L. Yang, X. Bian, W. Wu, L. Lv, et al. (Microb Biotechnol 13:1860-1876, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13629) discovered that Lactobacillus salivarius Li01 had a protective effect on thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury and hyperammonemia, and a fixed concentration (3 × 10 CFU/mL) of Li01 was applied in their study. However, the most effective treatment concentration of Li01 remains unknown. Therefore, four concentration gradients of Li01 suspension were prepared for groups of mice to have different levels of bacterial colonization by gavage. Then, acute liver injury and hyperammonemia were induced via thioacetamide administration. By observation and detection, an inverted U-shaped protective effect from Li01 existed in thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury and hyperammonemia. Of note, significant deterioration was confirmed within the group that was orally administered with an excessive concentration of Li01 suspension, and this was attributed to endotoxemia that resulted from compromised immunity, a damaged intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation. This research investigated the relationship between the concentration of Lactobacillus salivarius Li01 and its impact on mice that had a thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury and hyperammonemia. These findings could provide new insights into the effective, proper, and safe use of probiotics.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Liver Diseases; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; Thioacetamide
PubMed: 34937168
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01847-21 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of cowpea seeds (cv. Doljana - CSD) and the impact of partially replacing soybean meal with CSD, along with the...
This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of cowpea seeds (cv. Doljana - CSD) and the impact of partially replacing soybean meal with CSD, along with the supplementation of microencapsulated (LS), on the growth performance, selected carcass traits, biochemical plasma profile, tibia bone quality, and microbial populations in the ceca and excreta of broiler chickens aged 1 to 35 days. A total of 432 mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chickens, aged one day, were randomly allocated to four groups, with 108 birds in each group, further divided into 6 pens containing 18 birds each. The experimental design featured a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two cowpea seed levels (CSD0 and CSD15%) and the presence or absence (Yes/No) of microencapsulated LS probiotic (0 and 1 g/kg feed). The experimental diets did not significantly influenced ( > 0.05) production performances. However, the production efficiency factor was notably higher in the CSD0 (336.8%) and CSD15 (332.2%) groups with LS compared to CSD0 (322.4%) and CSD15 (320.6%) groups without LS supplementation. Regarding carcass traits, the CSD15 group with LS supplementation exhibited higher dressing (70.69%) and liver (2.47%) percentages compared to the other groups. Plasma profile analysis revealed significant reductions ( < 0.05) in total cholesterol (from 115 mg/dL to 105 mg/dL) and triglycerides (from 54.80 mg/dL to 46.80 mg/dL) in the CSD15 group with LS supplementation compared to the CSD0 group, with or without LS supplementation. Moreover, the CSD15 group with LS had significantly higher total protein, albumin, and calcium levels and significantly lower ( < 0.05) uric acid levels compared to the CSD0 group, irrespective of LS supplementation. Tibia bone traits and minerals showed no significant effects. However, the pH exhibited a linear decrease from 6.90 in the CSD0 group without LS to 6.69 in the CSD15 group with LS supplementation. In terms of cecal microbial populations, decreased from 7.14 CFU/g in the CSD15 group without LS to 5.48 CFU/g in the CSD15 group with LS. Significant alterations were also observed in spp., spp., and spp. in the ceca and excreta of the CSD15 group with LS supplementation compared to the CSD0 group, with or without LS supplementation. Beneficial bacteria, specifically spp., significantly increased in the cecal content of CSD0 (9.06 CFU/g) and CSD15 (9.01 CFU/g) groups with LS compared to CSD0 (8.41 CFU/g) and CSD15 (8.11 CFU/g) groups without LS. In summary, this study suggests that cowpea seeds can be used as a partial replacement for soybean meal in broiler chicken diets, and microencapsulated can be employed as a probiotic supplement.
PubMed: 37901100
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279819 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2020The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, promoting immunological tolerance and carrying out metabolic activities that...
Lactobacillus salivarius BP121 prevents cisplatin‑induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p‑cresol sulfate via alleviating dysbiosis.
The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, promoting immunological tolerance and carrying out metabolic activities that have not evolved in hosts. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with chronic kidney disease and probiotic supplementation has been shown to be beneficial. However, it is not known whether gut microorganisms‑specifically, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can protect against acute kidney injury (AKI). To address this issue, the present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius BP121, an intestinal LAB isolated from the feces of newborns, in a rat model of cisplatin‑induced AKI and also in Caco‑2 human intestinal epithelial cells. BP121 prevented cisplatin‑induced AKI in rats, as demonstrated by decreases in inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney tissue and in serum levels of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p‑cresol sulfate (PCS). BP121 also reduced intestinal permeability, as determined using fluorescein isothiocyanate‑dextran by immunohistochemical detection of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as zona occludens‑1 and occludin. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp., which are beneficial intestinal flora, was increased by BP121; this was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of short‑chain fatty acids in feces. Additionally, H2O2‑induced TJ protein damage was reduced in Caco‑2 cells treated with BP121 culture supernatant, an effect that was reversed by the 5' AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C and Toll‑like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitor TLR4‑IN‑C34. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that L. salivarius BP121 protects against cisplatin‑induced AKI by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress and this renoprotective effect is partially mediated by modulating the gut environment and thereby suppressing IS and PCS production as well as by regulating AMPK and TLR4 dependent TJ assembly.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Cisplatin; Cresols; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Indican; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfuric Acid Esters
PubMed: 32124946
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4495 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021The mechanisms through which cells of the host innate immune system distinguish commensal bacteria from pathogens are currently unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a...
The mechanisms through which cells of the host innate immune system distinguish commensal bacteria from pathogens are currently unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by host cells which recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) common to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Of the different TLRs, TLR2/6 recognize bacterial lipopeptides and trigger cytokines responses, especially to Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. We report here that TLR2 is dispensable for triggering macrophage cytokine responses to different strains of the Gram-positive commensal bacterial species Lactobacillus salivarius. The L. salivarius UCC118 strain strongly upregulated expression of the PRRs, Mincle (Clec4e), TLR1 and TLR2 in macrophages while downregulating other TLR pathways. Cytokine responses triggered by L. salivarius UCC118 were predominantly TLR2-independent but MyD88-dependent. However, macrophage cytokine responses triggered by another Gram-positive commensal bacteria, Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 were predominantly TLR2-dependent. Thus, we report a differential requirement for TLR2-dependency in triggering macrophage cytokine responses to different commensal Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, TNF-α responses to the TLR2 ligand FSL-1 and L. salivarius UCC118 were partially Mincle-dependent suggesting that PRR pathways such as Mincle contribute to the recognition of MAMPs on distinct Gram-positive commensal bacteria. Ultimately, integration of signals from these different PRR pathways and other MyD88-dependent pathways may determine immune responses to commensal bacteria at the host-microbe interface.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Ligands; Macrophages; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; Receptors, Pattern Recognition; THP-1 Cells; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Mice
PubMed: 33723368
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85347-7 -
Nutrients Nov 2017The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cariogenic effects of by reducing pathogenic species and biofilm mass in a double-species biofilm model. Coexistence of...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cariogenic effects of by reducing pathogenic species and biofilm mass in a double-species biofilm model. Coexistence of with can cause dental caries progression or recurrence of the disease in the future. Fifty-nine children with diagnosed early childhood caries (ECC) were recruited onto the study. The condition of the children's dentition was defined according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The participants were divided into children with initial enamel demineralization and children showing dentin damage. The study was performed on the and clinical strains, isolated from dental plaque of patients with ECC. The effect of a probiotic containing on the ability of and to produce a double-species biofilm was investigated in an in vitro model. The biomass of the formed/non-degraded biofilm was analyzed on the basis of its crystal violet staining. The number of colonies of and (CFU/mL, colony forming units/mL) forming the biofilm was determined. Microorganism morphology in the biofilm was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro analysis demonstrated that the presence of increased the number of colonies (CFU/mL); the double-species biofilm mass and hyphal forms produced in it by the yeast. inhibited the cariogenic biofilm formation of and . Under the influence of the probiotic; the biofilm mass and the number of ; and with colonies in the biofilm was decreased. Moreover; it can be noted that after the addition of the probiotic; fungi did not form hyphae or germ tubes of pathogenic potential. These results suggest that can secrete intermediates capable of inhibiting the formation of cariogenic and biofilm; and may inhibit fungal morphological transformation and thereby reduce the pathogenicity of ; weakening its pathogenic potential. Further research is required to prove or disprove the long-term effects of the preparation and to achieve preventive methods.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Male; Probiotics; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 29135948
DOI: 10.3390/nu9111242 -
SpringerPlus 2015Many strains of lactic acid bacteria produce high concentrations of d-amino acids. Among them, Lactobacillus salivarius UCC 118 produces d-alanine at a relative...
Many strains of lactic acid bacteria produce high concentrations of d-amino acids. Among them, Lactobacillus salivarius UCC 118 produces d-alanine at a relative concentration much greater than 50 % of the total d, l-alanine (100d/d, l-alanine). We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine production and found that the enzyme was activated by carboxylates, which is an unique characteristic among ALRs. In addition, alignment of the amino acid sequences of several ALRs revealed that A131 of L. salivarius ALR is likely involved in the activation. To confirm that finding, an L. salivarius ALR variant with an A131K (ALR(A131K)) substitution was prepared, and its properties were compared with those of ALR. The activity of ALR(A131K) was about three times greater than that of ALR. In addition, whereas L. salivarius ALR was strongly activated by low concentrations (e.g., 1 mM) of short chain carboxylates, and was inhibited at higher concentrations (e.g., 10 mM), ALR(A131K) was clearly inhibited at all carboxylate concentrations tested (1-40 mM). Acetate also increased the stability of ALR such that maximum activity was observed at 35 °C and pH 8.0 without acetate, but at 50 °C in the presence of 1 mM acetate. On the other hand, maximum ALR(A131K) activity was observed at 45 °C and around pH 9.0 with or without acetate. It thus appears that A131 mediates the activation and stabilization of L. salivarius ALR by short chain carboxylates.
PubMed: 26543773
DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1335-6 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Mar 2021is an important member of the human and animal gut microbiota, and selected strains are promising probiotics, but knowledge of the characteristics of avian isolates is...
is an important member of the human and animal gut microbiota, and selected strains are promising probiotics, but knowledge of the characteristics of avian isolates is still limited. In this study, we examined selected phenotypic and genotypic traits of 33 strains from geese, chickens, turkeys and pigeons. The strains varied in terms of cell size, colony morphology, broth growth characteristics, biofilm formation, tolerance to bile, hydrophobicity and phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Large variation among strains was noted for the utilization of sorbitol, salicin, trehalose, rhamnose, inulin and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The presence of genes related to sugar metabolism, i.e., , , and LSL_1894, was not always correlated with the biochemical phenotypic profile. Correlations were recorded between the host and utilization of certain sugars as well as tolerance to bile. The -type megaplasmid and genes coding for Abp118 bacteriocin were detected in 94% and 51.5% of strains, respectively. Phylogeny based on gene sequences was partly correlated with the origin of the strains and revealed an evolutionary distance between strains from humans and birds. The results of the study contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of the species . Intraspecies variations of strains may affect their ability to colonize specific niches and utilize nutrients and reveal potential strain-dependent effects on host health.
PubMed: 33807321
DOI: 10.3390/ani11040972 -
BMC Microbiology Aug 2023As substitutes for antibiotics, probiotic bacteria protect against digestive infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a species of...
BACKGROUND
As substitutes for antibiotics, probiotic bacteria protect against digestive infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a species of native lactobacillus found in both humans and animals. Herein, a swine-derived Ligilactobacillus salivarius was isolated and shown to colonize the ileal mucous membrane, thereby promoting nutritional digestion, absorption, and immunity. To evaluate its probiotic role, the entire genome was sequenced, the genetic information was annotated, and the metabolic information was analyzed.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic relationship indicated that the bacteria was closer to L. salivarius MT573555.1 and MT585431.1. Functional genes included transporters, membrane proteins, enzymes, heavy metal resistance proteins, and putative proteins; metabolism-related genes were the most abundant. The six types of metabolic pathways secreted by L. salivarius were mainly composed of secretory transmembrane proteins and peptides. The secretory proteins of L. salivarius were digestive enzymes, functional proteins that regulate apoptosis, antibodies, and hormones. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of L. salivarius metabolites suggested that ceramide, pyrrolidone- 5- carboxylic acid, N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid, N-lactoyl-phenylalanine, and 12 others were involved in antioxidation, repair of the cellular membrane, anticonvulsant, hypnosis, and appetite inhibition. Metabolites of clavaminic acid, antibiotic X14889C, and five other types of bacteriocins were identified, namely phenyllactic acid, janthitrem G, 13-demethyl tacrolimus, medinoside E, and tertonasin. The adherence and antioxidation of L. salivarius were also predicted. No virulence genes were found.
CONCLUSION
The main probiotic properties of L. salivarius were identified using genomic, metabonomic, and biochemical assays, which are beneficial for porcine feeding. Our results provided deeper insights into the probiotic effects of L. salivarius.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Phylogeny; Genomics; Metabolomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37648978
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02993-9